In Car Speed Test - Cops Edition Mac OS

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PyCharm supports pytest, a fully functional testing framework.

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The following features are available:

• The dedicated test runner.

• Code completion for test subject and pytest fixtures.

• Code navigation.

• Detailed failing assert reports.

• Support for Python 2.7 and Python 3.5 and later.

• Multiprocessing test execution.

By default, the suggested default test runner is unittest. So, to utilize pytest, you need to make it the default test runner first.

Enable Pytest for your project

1. Open the Settings/Preferences Tools Python Integrated Tools settings dialog as described in Choose your testing framework.

2. In the Default test runner field select pytest.

3. Click OK to save the settings.

Now, that pytest is set as the default testing framework, you can create a small test for the Car sample. Let's create a pytest test to check the brake function.

Create a test

1. Create a Python project.

2. From the main menu, click File New, choose Python file, type Car.py, and click OK.

3. Copy and paste the Car sample into the Car.py file.

4. In the editor, place the caret at the brake method declaration.

5. Do one of the following:

   • From the main menu, choose Navigate Test.

   • From the context menu, choose Go To Test.

   • Press Ctrl+Shift+T.

   PyCharm shows the list of available tests.

6. Click Create new test.

   The Create Test dialog opens.

   In the Create Test dialog, specify the following settings:

   • Target directory, where the new test class will be generated.

   • The name of the test file (in our example, test_car_pytest.py ), and the name of the test class if needed.

   • Select the checkboxes next to the methods you want to include in the test class.
     Note that if you place the caret within a method, only this method name is included in the list. Also, mind the naming convention: the test method has the test prefix. The Run Test icon will appear in the editor gutter for all methods with such a prefix.

7. Click OK when ready. PyCharm generates the test file in the specified location.

8. PyCharm automatically generates a test file with the test method template. Replace the template code with the code that sets the initial speed value of Car to 50 and checks if speed gets properly set to 45 after the brake() function execution.

   from Car import Car def test_car_brake(): car = Car(50) car.brake() assert car.speed 45

Note that PyCharm recognizes the test subject and offers completion for the Car class' instance.

Although Go To Test Subject and Go To Test commands of the context menu are not supported for pytest, you can navigate to the tested code in Car.py by using the Go To DeclarationCtrl+B command.

Run a test

1. Click to run the test:

2. Note that PyCharm automatically creates a pytest Run/Debug configuration:

   Select Run pytest for test_car_pytest to execute the test.

3. Inspect test results:

4. Alter the assert statement to the following: assert my_car.speed 4599.

5. Rerun the test to evaluate the assert failing report:

   Note that pytest provides an explicit report on the failure.

With pytest fixtures you can create small test units that can be reused across the testing module. All you need is to mark a reusable unit with @pytest.fixture.

Use fixtures

1. Modify your Car pytest test as follows:

   import pytest from Car import Car @pytest.fixture def my_car(): return Car(50) def test_car_accelerate(my_car): my_car.accelerate() assert my_car.speed 55 def test_car_brake(my_car): my_car.brake() assert my_car.speed 45

   my_car() is a fixture function that creates a Car instance with the speed value equal to 50. It is used in test_car_accelerate and test_car_brake to verify correct execution of the corresponding functions in the Car class.

   Note that the my_car fixture is added to the code completion list along with other standard pytest fixtures, such as tempdir.

2. Click either of the icons, or run the entire test module.

You can enable sharing fixture instances across tests using the scope parameter of the fixture function. For more information about pytest fixtures, see pytest fixtures documentation.

You might want to run your tests on the predefined set of data. PyCharm supports test parametrization implemented in pytest through @pytest.mark.parametrize.

Apply parametrization

1. Let us create a set of speed values to test car.accelerate and car.brake functions: speed_data = {45, 50, 55, 100}

2. Modify the test code to the following:

   import pytest from Car import Car speed_data = {45, 50, 55, 100} @pytest.mark.parametrize('speed_brake', speed_data) def test_car_brake(speed_brake): car = Car(50) car.brake() assert car.speed speed_brake @pytest.mark.parametrize('speed_accelerate', speed_data) def test_car_accelerate(speed_accelerate): car = Car(50) car.accelerate() assert car.speed speed_accelerate

   Note that PyCharm detects the newly created parameters and adds them to the completion list.

3. Run the test for the car.brake() function. You should expect the following test report:

You can also run the test for car.accelerate() function to ensure that it fails for all speed values but 55. Refer to pytest documentation for more information about parametrized tests.

If you use the Professional edition of PyCharm, in addition to the mentioned capabilities, you can use Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) through pytest_bdd. This is particularly helpful when you need to quickly record your test using the Gherkin language and utilize beneficial features of pytest, such as fixture.

Implement test scenarios

This procedure is applicable only for PyCharm Professional.

1. Let us modify the Car sample to validate the car's speed. Add the following function to the Car.py file:

   def speed_validate(self): return self.speed <= 160

2. Next, enable pytest-bdd in your project. In the Settings/Preferences dialog Ctrl+Alt+S, navigate to Languages & Frameworks BDD, and from the Preferred BDD framework list select pytest-bdd.

3. Create a .feature file to record BDD scenarios using the Gherkin language. Right-click the project root and select New Gherkin feature file. In the opened dialog, specify car.feature as the filename and click OK.

4. Add the following scenarios to the car.feature file:

   Feature: Speed Scenario: Valid speed Given Speed is less than 160 When Accelerated Then Speed is valid Scenario: Invalid speed Given Speed is more than 160 When Accelerated Then Speed is invalid

   Both scenarios validate the speed of the car. The speed is supposed to be valid when it does not exceed the value of 160. Note the scenario steps are highlighted because they are not defined by this moment.

5. PyCharm enables quick generation of step definitions for the entire feature file. Set cursor on any of the highlighted steps, click Ctrl+Shift+A, and select Create all step definitions. In the opened dialog, specify the name of the test file (it should start with test ), select Python (pytest-bdd) from the File type list, and, if needed, modify the default file location.

   Inspect the test_car_pytest_bdd_fixture.py file. It contains all required import statements and definitions for each scenario steps.

6. Let us modify the test file to use a pytest fixture for a Car object and to add more test logic:

   from pytest_bdd import scenario, given, when, then import pytest from Car import Car @pytest.fixture def my_car(): return Car() @scenario('car.feature', 'Valid speed') def test_speed_valid(): pass @scenario('car.feature', 'Invalid speed') def test_speed_invalid(): pass @given('Speed is less than 160') def set_valid_speed(my_car): my_car.speed = 50 @given('Speed is more than 160') def set_invalid_speed(my_car): my_car.speed = 100 @when('Accelerated') def car_accelerate(my_car): my_car.accelerate() @then('Speed is valid') def success(my_car): assert my_car.speed_validate() @then('Speed is invalid') def fail(my_car): assert not my_car.speed_validate()

7. Run the test by creating the corresponding Run/Debug configuration. You can also run either of the scenarios using the Run icon in the gutter.

8. Inspect the test run results.

   In our example, we have the test_speed_valid test passed and the test_speed_invalid test failed.

OBD2 Readiness Monitors Explained

Editor's note: This post has been updated in March 2020 for accuracy and the latest information.

OBD2 Readiness Monitors are simple yet powerful self check routines. They provide insight to the car’s self-diagnostics. This post will explain in detail what the readiness monitors are.

The purpose of readiness monitors is to self-test the car’s emission control systems. The monitors are also known as Emissions Monitors. Like the name indicates, they observe the performance of car’s emission related systems.

Cars may perform up to 11 system tests or routines. These tests are so called readiness monitors. The output of readiness monitors tell you whether the car’s computer has completed the tests successfully.

Readiness Monitor types

There are two different types of readiness monitors: continuous and non-continuous. Continuous monitors are different in design from the non-continuous ones. Continuous monitors are being constantly tested and evaluated while the engine is running. The non-continuous monitors need certain conditions to be met before a test can be completed.

The conditions necessary to run the non-continuous self-diagnostic tests vary. Some monitors require that the car follows a predefined drive cycle routine. Some require two drive cycles because of the need for a cool down and warm up periods between. Each emission monitor can have different requirements for the conditions.

Previously, the OBD2 standard (SAE J1979) categorized each defined monitor as either one. In the latest standard edition, this definite allocation is no longer present for all of them. Thus, OBD Auto Doctor doesn’t follow the categorization anymore either.

Continuous or Non-continuous Monitors

These monitors can be of either type. It’s up to the manufacturer to decide.

• Misfire
• Fuel System
• Comprehensive Component

Non-Continuous Monitors

Non-continuous monitors are different for spark ignition cars (gasoline engines) and compression ignition cars (diesel engines).

Spark ignition vehicles (Gas)

• Catalyst (CAT)
• Heated Catalyst
• Evaporative (EVAP) System
• Secondary Air System
• Oxygen (O2) Sensor
• Oxygen Sensor Heater
• EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) and/or VVT System

Compression ignition vehicles (Diesel)

• NMHC Catalyst
• NOx/SCR Aftertreatment
• Boost Pressure
• Exhaust Gas Sensor
• PM Filter
• EGR and/or VVT System

Monitoring cycles

Traditionally, the only monitor status was the status since the diagnostic trouble codes were cleared. This readiness monitor status is mandatory for all OBD2 compliant vehicles. It will show the long term status after the check engine light was reset and the DTCs cleared.

As the OBD2 has evolved, newer vehicles can now report emission monitor status also for the current driving cycle. These monitors start from the beginning every time when the monitoring cycle begins. Older cars might not support this feature. In that case, OBD Auto Doctor will mark it as NA or Not Available.

Monitor status

Readiness monitor test result yields the monitor status. Each readiness monitor will have its own output status. The completion status can be:

• Complete or ready meaning that the test has been completed. It means that the OBD-II system has checked this emissions control system and it has passed the test. OBD Auto Doctor indicates this by green check mark.

• Incomplete or not ready meaning the test is not completed. It means that the OBD2 system has not been able to run this routine or it has failed. OBD Auto Doctor indicates this by red exclamation mark.

• Disabled meaning that the test has been disabled for the rest of this monitoring cycle. A monitor can be disabled when there is no easy way for the driver to operate the vehicle to allow the monitor to run. For example, the ambient air temperature might be too low or too high.

OBD Auto Doctor lists all the defined monitors in the software. But the actual status can be reported only for the ones that the car supports too. It is not required for a car to support all the monitors. NA or not available monitor means that the car doesn’t have that monitor. Thus it can’t be tested.

Why is a monitor incomplete or “not ready”

Clearing the diagnostic trouble codes (DTCs) and the Check Engine Light will reset the monitor statuses too. This typically occurs during or after vehicle repair.

Statuses are also reset in case of power failure. This usually happens when the battery has been disconnected. That’s why it is not advisable to disconnect the battery. If you need to disconnect the battery for example to replace it, read further. You will learn how to get the monitors back to complete.

For the current monitoring cycle, or “this drive cycle”, the status is set to incomplete upon starting a new monitoring cycle. It is a normal situation for these monitors to be incomplete when starting the engine.

Depending on your country and state, OBDII vehicle may not pass the annual inspection unless the required monitors since reset are complete. For example, the US Environmental Protection Agency guidelines allow up to two monitors to be not ready for model year 1996 through 2000 vehicles. For 2001 and newer model year vehicles only single monitor status can be incomplete or not ready.

In Car Speed Test - Cops Edition Mac Os Download

How to get the monitors complete or “ready”?

Because the monitors are self check routines, the best way to get them ready is to drive the car. Yet, monotonic driving will not most likely meet all the needed conditions. That’s why there is so called OBD drive cycle. But before going into that, let’s go through the obvious ones.

1. First, make sure that the MIL (Malfunction Indicator Light) is not commanded on. Having stored or even pending diagnostic trouble codes active may prevent a monitor from running to completion.

2. Second, make sure that you have enough fuel in the car. Some monitors, for instance the EVAP monitor, may require the fuel level to be between 35% and 85% to initiate the diagnostic testing.

3. Third, complete the so called “drive cycle”. About one week of combined city and highway driving is usually enough to allow the monitors to reach complete status. The drive cycle is explained in more details in the next paragraph.

OBD drive cycle

The purpose of the OBD2 drive cycle is to let your car run on-board diagnostics. This, in turn, allows the readiness monitors to operate. And detect potential malfunctions of your car’s emission system. The correct drive cycle for your car can vary greatly depending on the car model and manufacturer. Also, the monitor in question affects the required drive cycle.

Today, many vehicle manufacturers include these drive cycles in the vehicle owner’s manual. Typically, a few days of normal driving, both city and highway, will make the monitors ready. The following generic drive cycle can be used as a guideline if a specific drive cycle is not known. It will assist with resetting monitors when a car specific drive cycle is not available. However, it may not work for all cars and monitors.

The drive cycle can be difficult to follow exactly under normal driving conditions. Thus, it is better to drive it in restricted area!

In Car Speed Test - Cops Edition Mac Os Pro

1. The universal OBD-II drive cycle begins with a cold start. You should have coolant temperature below 50 C/122 F, and the coolant and air temperatures within 11 degrees of one another. This condition can be achieved by letting the car to sit overnight.

2. The ignition key must not be left ON position before the cold start. Otherwise the heated oxygen sensor diagnostic may not run.

3. Start the engine and idle the engine in drive for two and half minutes, with the A/C and rear defroster on if equipped.

4. Turn the A/C and rear defroster off, and speed up to 90 km/h (55 mph) under moderate, constant acceleration. Hold at a steady speed for three minutes.

5. Slow down to 30 km/h (20 mph) without braking. Do not depress the clutch if you are running with manual transmission.

6. Speed up back to 90-100 km/h (55-60 mph) at 3/4 throttle. Hold at a steady speed for five minutes.

7. Slow down to a stop without braking.

Get ready for inspection

To avoid rejection in the annual inspection, you can prepare your car for the check yourself. You should at least read the readiness monitors and make sure they are ready. This will save you from almost guaranteed rejection.

You should also read the diagnostic trouble codes and make sure there are none present. You can do all this with OBD Auto Doctor diagnostic software. You can read the monitor statuses and the diagnostic trouble codes even with the free version. So why not try the software right now?

And remember, do not wait until the annual inspection with the issues. Acting immediately could save you a lot of time as well as future repair and fuel costs.

In Car Speed Test - Cops Edition Mac Os X

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In Car Speed Test - Cops Edition Mac OS